Real-time measurements of black carbon and other pollutant emissions from residential biofuel stoves in rural China.
Identifieur interne : 000159 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000158; suivant : 000160Real-time measurements of black carbon and other pollutant emissions from residential biofuel stoves in rural China.
Auteurs : Xianbao Shen [République populaire de Chine] ; Pengrui Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xin Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xinyue Cao [République populaire de Chine] ; Yue Shi [République populaire de Chine] ; Xin Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaolong Yao [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhiliang Yao [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- The Science of the total environment [ 1879-1026 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- Wicri :
- geographic : République populaire de Chine.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Air Pollutants, Particulate Matter.
- chemical : Biofuels, Environmental Pollutants.
- geographic : China.
- Household Articles, Humans.
Abstract
Biofuel stoves are an important source of black carbon (BC) emissions, which have adverse effects on the environment and human health, especially in rural areas. However, there have been only limited studies of BC emissions from residential biofuel stoves based on real-time measurements. In this study, a photo-acoustic extinctiometer (PAX)-based real-time measurement system was employed to monitor the emission characteristics of corncobs, corn stalks, cotton stalks and poplar branches in simple or improved stoves (with a total of 16 units) in Hebei Province, China. The real-time and phased emissions of BC, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were assessed, and the effects of stove type and fuel on emissions were analyzed. Under the same conditions, polar branches were associated with the highest BC emission factors (EFs) of up to 2.64 ± 0.42 g kg-1, while the EFs for improved stoves were higher than those for simple stoves. During the ignition phase, BC emissions were found to be low, while the later addition of fuel dramatically increased emissions, followed by a gradual decrease until the next fuel addition. The phased results show that the flaming phase had the highest BC emission rate, the fuel addition phase was associated with the highest BC EF. The BC emission rates and EFs for the ignition, fuel addition, flaming and smoldering phases ranged from 0.0014-0.014, 0.11-6.32, 0.18-2.24 and 0.03-0.32 mg s-1, and from 0.04-0.18, 0.38-9.53, 0.45-3.55 and 0.12-1.01 g kg-1, respectively. This study assessed the BC emissions from residential biofuel stoves using a larger sample size than in prior work. The results increase our understanding of the BC emissions process, which is helpful in terms of improving the accuracy of BC EF estimations. The real-time measurement process described herein is also expected to provide new approaches to minimizing BC emissions.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138649
PubMed: 32334224
Affiliations:
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Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Pengrui" sort="Wang, Pengrui" uniqKey="Wang P" first="Pengrui" last="Wang">Pengrui Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xin" sort="Zhang, Xin" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xin" last="Zhang">Xin Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Xinyue" sort="Cao, Xinyue" uniqKey="Cao X" first="Xinyue" last="Cao">Xinyue Cao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Yue" sort="Shi, Yue" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Yue" last="Shi">Yue Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xin" sort="Li, Xin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xin" last="Li">Xin Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Xiaolong" sort="Yao, Xiaolong" uniqKey="Yao X" first="Xiaolong" last="Yao">Xiaolong Yao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Zhiliang" sort="Yao, Zhiliang" uniqKey="Yao Z" first="Zhiliang" last="Yao">Zhiliang Yao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. Electronic address: yaozhl@th.btbu.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the total environment</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (analysis)</term><term>Biofuels (MeSH)</term><term>China (MeSH)</term><term>Environmental Pollutants (MeSH)</term><term>Household Articles (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Particulate Matter (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Articles ménagers (MeSH)</term><term>Biocarburants (MeSH)</term><term>Chine (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Matière particulaire (analyse)</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques (analyse)</term><term>Polluants environnementaux (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Particulate Matter</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Biofuels</term><term>Environmental Pollutants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Matière particulaire</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Household Articles</term><term>Humans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Articles ménagers</term><term>Biocarburants</term><term>Chine</term><term>Humains</term><term>Polluants environnementaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>République populaire de Chine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Biofuel stoves are an important source of black carbon (BC) emissions, which have adverse effects on the environment and human health, especially in rural areas. However, there have been only limited studies of BC emissions from residential biofuel stoves based on real-time measurements. In this study, a photo-acoustic extinctiometer (PAX)-based real-time measurement system was employed to monitor the emission characteristics of corncobs, corn stalks, cotton stalks and poplar branches in simple or improved stoves (with a total of 16 units) in Hebei Province, China. The real-time and phased emissions of BC, fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) were assessed, and the effects of stove type and fuel on emissions were analyzed. Under the same conditions, polar branches were associated with the highest BC emission factors (EFs) of up to 2.64 ± 0.42 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, while the EFs for improved stoves were higher than those for simple stoves. During the ignition phase, BC emissions were found to be low, while the later addition of fuel dramatically increased emissions, followed by a gradual decrease until the next fuel addition. The phased results show that the flaming phase had the highest BC emission rate, the fuel addition phase was associated with the highest BC EF. The BC emission rates and EFs for the ignition, fuel addition, flaming and smoldering phases ranged from 0.0014-0.014, 0.11-6.32, 0.18-2.24 and 0.03-0.32 mg s<sup>-1</sup>, and from 0.04-0.18, 0.38-9.53, 0.45-3.55 and 0.12-1.01 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. This study assessed the BC emissions from residential biofuel stoves using a larger sample size than in prior work. The results increase our understanding of the BC emissions process, which is helpful in terms of improving the accuracy of BC EF estimations. The real-time measurement process described herein is also expected to provide new approaches to minimizing BC emissions.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32334224</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1026</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>727</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Jul</Month><Day>20</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Science of the total environment</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Total Environ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Real-time measurements of black carbon and other pollutant emissions from residential biofuel stoves in rural China.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>138649</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0048-9697(20)32165-3</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138649</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Biofuel stoves are an important source of black carbon (BC) emissions, which have adverse effects on the environment and human health, especially in rural areas. However, there have been only limited studies of BC emissions from residential biofuel stoves based on real-time measurements. In this study, a photo-acoustic extinctiometer (PAX)-based real-time measurement system was employed to monitor the emission characteristics of corncobs, corn stalks, cotton stalks and poplar branches in simple or improved stoves (with a total of 16 units) in Hebei Province, China. The real-time and phased emissions of BC, fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) were assessed, and the effects of stove type and fuel on emissions were analyzed. Under the same conditions, polar branches were associated with the highest BC emission factors (EFs) of up to 2.64 ± 0.42 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, while the EFs for improved stoves were higher than those for simple stoves. During the ignition phase, BC emissions were found to be low, while the later addition of fuel dramatically increased emissions, followed by a gradual decrease until the next fuel addition. The phased results show that the flaming phase had the highest BC emission rate, the fuel addition phase was associated with the highest BC EF. The BC emission rates and EFs for the ignition, fuel addition, flaming and smoldering phases ranged from 0.0014-0.014, 0.11-6.32, 0.18-2.24 and 0.03-0.32 mg s<sup>-1</sup>, and from 0.04-0.18, 0.38-9.53, 0.45-3.55 and 0.12-1.01 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. This study assessed the BC emissions from residential biofuel stoves using a larger sample size than in prior work. The results increase our understanding of the BC emissions process, which is helpful in terms of improving the accuracy of BC EF estimations. The real-time measurement process described herein is also expected to provide new approaches to minimizing BC emissions.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shen</LastName><ForeName>Xianbao</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Pengrui</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Xin</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cao</LastName><ForeName>Xinyue</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shi</LastName><ForeName>Yue</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Xin</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yao</LastName><ForeName>Xiaolong</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yao</LastName><ForeName>Zhiliang</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. Electronic address: yaozhl@th.btbu.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>14</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Total Environ</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0330500</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0048-9697</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000393">Air Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D056804">Biofuels</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004785">Environmental Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D052638">Particulate Matter</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000393" MajorTopicYN="N">Air Pollutants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056804" MajorTopicYN="N">Biofuels</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002681" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">China</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004785" MajorTopicYN="Y">Environmental Pollutants</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006794" MajorTopicYN="Y">Household Articles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052638" MajorTopicYN="N">Particulate Matter</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Biofuel combustion</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Black carbon</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Emission factor</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Real-time measurement</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Real-world characteristic</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32334224</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0048-9697(20)32165-3</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138649</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country><settlement><li>Pékin</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shen, Xianbao" sort="Shen, Xianbao" uniqKey="Shen X" first="Xianbao" last="Shen">Xianbao Shen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cao, Xinyue" sort="Cao, Xinyue" uniqKey="Cao X" first="Xinyue" last="Cao">Xinyue Cao</name><name sortKey="Li, Xin" sort="Li, Xin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xin" last="Li">Xin Li</name><name sortKey="Shi, Yue" sort="Shi, Yue" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Yue" last="Shi">Yue Shi</name><name sortKey="Wang, Pengrui" sort="Wang, Pengrui" uniqKey="Wang P" first="Pengrui" last="Wang">Pengrui Wang</name><name sortKey="Yao, Xiaolong" sort="Yao, Xiaolong" uniqKey="Yao X" first="Xiaolong" last="Yao">Xiaolong Yao</name><name sortKey="Yao, Zhiliang" sort="Yao, Zhiliang" uniqKey="Yao Z" first="Zhiliang" last="Yao">Zhiliang Yao</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Xin" sort="Zhang, Xin" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xin" last="Zhang">Xin Zhang</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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